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  Isaac Newton

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  Euclid

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  Leonhard Euler

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  Joseph-Louis Lagrange

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  Archimedes

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  Pierre Fermat

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  Bernhard Riemann

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  Carl Gauss

Further Reading:

• Greatest Mathematicians of All Time - A selection of brief bios/photos of the 12 greatest mathematicians of all time (according to this author).
• Mathematician Biography Index - Chronological and alphabetical indices of literally thousands of mathematicians in history.
• Mathematicians of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries - Many of the famous mathematicians of this era are biographied in chronological order.
• Women Mathematicians - Here's a website put together by Agnes Scott College showing some of the top, perhaps underappecriated, female mathematicians in what has traditionally been a male-dominated field.
• Euclid - A brief essay I wrote for a world history class. Talks about the famous mathematician who basically made everything we know about geometry.

*All images were selected from Wikimedia Commons, and are believed to be in the public domain under United States Copyright Law.